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2024 United States presidential election

← 2020 November 5, 2024 2028 →

538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win
Opinion polls
TurnoutTBD
Reporting
97.4%
as of 1:12 p.m., November 15, 2024 EST
 
Nominee Donald Trump Kamala Harris
Party Republican Democratic
Home state Florida California
Running mate JD Vance Tim Walz
Projected electoral vote 312[1] 226[1]
States carried 31 + ME-02 19 + DC + NE-02
Popular vote 76,072,429[1] 73,138,402[1]
Percentage 50.2%[1] 48.2%[1]

2024 United States presidential election in California2024 United States presidential election in Oregon2024 United States presidential election in Washington (state)2024 United States presidential election in Idaho2024 United States presidential election in Nevada2024 United States presidential election in Utah2024 United States presidential election in Arizona2024 United States presidential election in Montana2024 United States presidential election in Wyoming2024 United States presidential election in Colorado2024 United States presidential election in New Mexico2024 United States presidential election in North Dakota2024 United States presidential election in South Dakota2024 United States presidential election in Nebraska2024 United States presidential election in Kansas2024 United States presidential election in Oklahoma2024 United States presidential election in Texas2024 United States presidential election in Minnesota2024 United States presidential election in Iowa2024 United States presidential election in Missouri2024 United States presidential election in Arkansas2024 United States presidential election in Louisiana2024 United States presidential election in Wisconsin2024 United States presidential election in Illinois2024 United States presidential election in Michigan2024 United States presidential election in Indiana2024 United States presidential election in Ohio2024 United States presidential election in Kentucky2024 United States presidential election in Tennessee2024 United States presidential election in Mississippi2024 United States presidential election in Alabama2024 United States presidential election in Georgia2024 United States presidential election in Florida2024 United States presidential election in South Carolina2024 United States presidential election in North Carolina2024 United States presidential election in Virginia2024 United States presidential election in West Virginia2024 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia2024 United States presidential election in Maryland2024 United States presidential election in Delaware2024 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania2024 United States presidential election in New Jersey2024 United States presidential election in New York2024 United States presidential election in Connecticut2024 United States presidential election in Rhode Island2024 United States presidential election in Vermont2024 United States presidential election in New Hampshire2024 United States presidential election in Maine2024 United States presidential election in Massachusetts2024 United States presidential election in Hawaii2024 United States presidential election in Alaska2024 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia2024 United States presidential election in Maryland2024 United States presidential election in Delaware2024 United States presidential election in New Jersey2024 United States presidential election in Connecticut2024 United States presidential election in Rhode Island2024 United States presidential election in Massachusetts2024 United States presidential election in Vermont2024 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Trump/Vance and blue denotes those won by Harris/Walz. Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia.[2]

President before election

Joe Biden
Democratic

Elected President

Donald Trump
Republican


The 2024 United States presidential election was the 60th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024.[3] The Republican Party's ticketDonald Trump, who was the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021, and JD Vance, the junior U.S. senator from Ohio—defeated the Democratic Party's ticket—Kamala Harris, the incumbent U.S. vice president, and Tim Walz, the governor of Minnesota.[4][5] Trump and Vance are scheduled to be inaugurated as the 47th president and the 50th vice president on January 20, 2025, after their formal election by the Electoral College.[6][7]

The incumbent president, Joe Biden of the Democratic Party, initially ran for re-election with Harris as the party's presumptive nominee,[8] facing little opposition;[9] however, what was broadly considered a poor debate performance in June 2024 intensified concerns about his age and health, and led to calls within his party for him to leave the race.[10] After initially declining to do so, Biden withdrew on July 21, becoming the first eligible incumbent president to withdraw since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1968.[11] Biden endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris,[12] who was voted the party's nominee by the delegates on August 5, 2024. Harris selected Walz as her running mate.[13][14]

Trump, who had lost in 2020 to Biden, ran for re-election again.[15] He was nominated during the 2024 Republican National Convention along with his running mate, Vance, after winning the Republican primaries. The Trump campaign was noted for making many false and misleading statements, including the false claim that the 2020 election was stolen from Trump,[16][17][18][19] engaging in anti-immigrant fearmongering,[a] and promoting conspiracy theories.[20][21] His speeches were widely described as marked by authoritarian and dehumanizing rhetoric toward his political opponents.[b] His campaign and populist political movement were characterized by several historians and former Trump administration officials as featuring parallels to fascism.[c]

In May 2024, Trump became the first U.S. president to be convicted of a crime after he was found guilty on multiple felony counts of falsifying business records related to hush money payments made to the pornographic actress Stormy Daniels.[22] He was previously found liable for sex abuse against E. Jean Carroll and for business fraud in New York. He was also twice impeached, once in 2019 and again in 2021. He remains under multiple indictments for his attempts to overturn the 2020 election, his role in the January 6 attack on the Capitol, and his election racketeering prosecution in Georgia. Trump survived two assassination attempts in the four months before the election: the first at a rally in Butler, Pennsylvania, and the second at Trump International Golf Club in West Palm Beach, Florida.[23][24]

According to polls, the most important issues for voters were the economy,[25] healthcare,[26] democracy,[27][28] foreign policy (notably U.S. support for Israel and for Ukraine),[29] violent crime,[30] immigration,[31][32] gun policy,[30] abortion,[33][34][35] racial and ethnic inequality,[30] and climate change.[30][36][37] Education and LGBTQ rights were also prominent issues in the campaign.[38][39] Polled voters consistently cited the economy as being the single most important issue in the election.[25][30] According to Pew Research, immigration was the second-most important issue to Trump supporters but the least-important issue to Harris supporters.[30]

Trump achieved a decisive victory, sweeping every swing state in addition to holding on to all of the states that he won in 2020.[40][41] Trump won the national popular vote, making him the first Republican to do so since George W. Bush in 2004.[42] He significantly improved his vote share among almost all demographics nationwide, particularly among Hispanic voters, in a working class coalition described as the most racially diverse for a Republican presidential candidate in decades.[43][44][45] Having previously won in 2016, Trump became the second president elected to a non-consecutive second term, 132 years after Grover Cleveland defeated Benjamin Harrison in 1892; this was also the first election since 1892 in which the incumbent White House party was defeated in three consecutive elections.[46] Trump, aged 78, is also the oldest person ever to be elected U.S. president;[47] Vance, aged 40, is the first millennial to be elected vice president.[48] Harris won 226 electoral votes, the worst performance for a Democratic presidential ticket since that of Michael Dukakis in 1988.[49]

Background

[edit]
Joe Biden, the incumbent president in 2024, whose term ends at noon on January 20, 2025
A general election ballot from Fairfax County, Virginia, listing the presidential and vice presidential candidates

Procedure

[edit]

Article Two of the Constitution of United States states that for a person to serve as president, the individual must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, be at least 35 years of age, and have been a United States resident for at least 14 years. The Twenty-second Amendment forbids any person from being elected president more than twice. Major party candidates seek the nomination through a series of primary elections that select the delegates who choose the candidate at the party's national convention. Each party's national convention chooses a vice presidential running mate to form that party's ticket. The nominee for president usually picks the running mate, who is then ratified by the delegates at the party's convention. If no candidate wins a majority of their party's delegates' votes, or (in this election) a party's presumptive nominee drops out of the race between the primaries and the convention, a brokered convention may be held: the delegates are then "released" and are free to switch their allegiance to a different candidate.[50]

The general election in November is an indirect election, in which voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the Electoral College; these electors then directly elect the president and vice president.[51] Election offices are dealing with increased workloads and public scrutiny. Officials in many states have sought additional funding to hire more personnel, improve security, and extend training. Numerous election offices are dealing with an increase in retirements and are overwhelmed with public records requests, owing in part to the electoral mistrust planted by former President Trump's loss in the 2020 election.[52][53]

Trump is the first president in American history to be impeached twice, and the first to run again after impeachment. Trump was first impeached by the Democratic-controlled House of Representatives in December 2019 for "abuse of power and obstruction of Congress" due to his attempts to pressure Ukraine to investigate Joe Biden and his son, Hunter, by withholding military aid.[54] Trump's second impeachment by the House occurred on January 13, 2021, for "incitement of insurrection" owing to his role in the January 6 United States Capitol attack. As Trump was acquitted by the Senate in both cases, Trump was not barred from seeking reelection to the presidency in 2024.[55]

Election interference

[edit]

Several state courts and officials, including the Colorado Supreme Court,[56] a state Circuit Court in Illinois,[57] and the Secretary of State of Maine,[58] ruled that Trump was ineligible to hold office under Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution for his role in the January 6 Capitol attack, and thus attempted to disqualify him from appearing on the ballot.[59][58] These attempts were unsuccessful, and on March 4, 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states cannot determine eligibility for a national election under Section 3, and only Congress has the authority to disqualify candidates, or to pass legislation that allows courts to do so.[60]

Donald Trump's false claims of interference

[edit]
To sow election doubt, Trump escalated use of "rigged election" and "election interference" statements in advance of the 2024 election compared to the previous two elections. The statements were seen as part of a "heads I win; tails you cheated" rhetorical strategy.[61]

Trump made false claims of voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election, and continued denying the election results.[62][63] Election security experts warned that officials who deny the legitimacy of the 2020 presidential election may attempt to impede the voting process, or refuse to certify the 2024 results.[64] In July 2024, The New York Times reported that "the Republican Party and its conservative allies are engaged in an unprecedented legal campaign targeting the American voting system", by restricting voting for partisan advantage ahead of Election Day and preparing to mount "legally dubious" challenges against the certification process if Trump were to lose.[65]

In the lead up to the 2024 election, the Republican Party made false claims of massive "noncitizen voting" by immigrants in an attempt to delegitimize the election in the event of a Trump defeat.[66][67][68] The claims were made as part of larger Republican Party efforts to disrupt the 2024 election and election denial movement.[69] Trump continued spreading his "big lie" of a stolen election and predicted without evidence that the 2024 election would be rigged against him. Trump also falsely accused Biden of "weaponizing" the Justice Department to target him in relation to his criminal trials.[61] Trump and several Republicans stated they would not accept the results of the 2024 election if they believe they are "unfair".[70]

Trump's previous comments suggesting he can "terminate" the Constitution to reverse his election loss,[71][72] his claim that he would only be a dictator on "day one" of his presidency and not after,[d] his promise to use the Justice Department to go after his political enemies,[79] his plan to use the Insurrection Act of 1807 to deploy the military for law enforcement in cities and states with too much violent crime or drug cartels,[80][81] attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election, continued Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election, Trump's baseless predictions of voter fraud in the 2024 election,[82] and Trump's public embrace and celebration of the January 6 United States Capitol attack,[83] raised concerns over the state of democracy in the United States.[84][85][86][87] Trump's political operation said that it plans to deploy more than 100,000 attorneys and volunteers to polling places across battleground states, with an "election integrity hotline" for poll watchers and voters to report alleged voting irregularities.[88]

Interference by foreign nations

[edit]

Before the election, U.S. officials and former officials stated that foreign interference in the 2024 election was likely. Three major factors cited were "America's deepening domestic political crises, the collapse of controversial attempts to control political speech on social media, and the rise of generative AI".[89] China, Russia, and Iran were identified as mounting influence operations and attempts to interfere with the 2024 election. U.S. intelligence officials described the efforts as part of broader efforts by authoritarian nations to use the internet to erode support for democracy.[90]

China
[edit]

China was identified as interfering with the 2024 election through propaganda and disinformation campaigns linked to its Spamouflage operation. U.S. intelligence agencies described the effort as not targeting any particular candidate but focusing on issues important to the Chinese government, such as Taiwan, and "undermining confidence in elections, voting, and the U.S. in general".[90] As early as April 1, 2024, The New York Times reported that the Chinese government had created fake pro-Trump accounts on social media "promoting conspiracy theories, stoking domestic divisions and attacking President Biden ahead of the election in November".[91]

Russia
[edit]

According to disinformation experts and intelligence agencies, Russia spread disinformation ahead of the 2024 election to damage Biden and Democrats, boost candidates supporting isolationism, and undercut support for Ukraine aid and NATO.[92][93] On September 4, 2024, the United States publicly accused Russia of interfering in the 2024 election and announced several steps to combat Russian influence including sanctions, indictments, and seizing of web domains used to spread propaganda and disinformation. U.S. intelligence agencies assessed that Russia preferred Trump to win the election, viewing him

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